CROP DOMINANCE: Rajasthan is India's #1 producer of: Bajra/Pearl Millet (major cereal due to arid climate, needs <50cm rainfall, grown in Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Jaipur, Alwar), Mustard/Rapeseed (Sarson — Bharatpur #1 district, Alwar, Sawai Madhopur; Rajasthan produces ~45% of India's mustard), Guar/Cluster Bean (Jodhpur, Barmer, Churu, Bikaner — guar gum used in oil drilling, textile, food industry; India produces 80% of world's guar, Rajasthan 70% of India's), Moth Bean (drought-resistant pulse of desert), Isabgol/Psyllium Husk (Jalore, Barmer — medicinal crop; India produces 80% of world's Isabgol, Rajasthan 90% of India's), Cumin/Jeera (Barmer, Jalore), Fenugreek/Methi (Nagaur — 'Methi Nagauri' is famous), Coriander/Dhaniya (Kota, Baran, Jhalawar — Hadoti region).

CROP CLASSIFICATION: KHARIF (monsoon, sown June-July, harvested Oct-Nov): Bajra (most important kharif cereal), Jowar/Sorghum, Maize (Bhilwara, Udaipur, Chittorgarh — needs 50-100cm), Groundnut (Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur — major oilseed), Guar, Moth, Cotton (Ganganagar #1, Hanumangarh), Sesame/Til, Rice/Paddy (Hanumangarh, Bundi — needs >100cm, limited in Rajasthan). RABI (winter, sown Oct-Nov, harvested Mar-Apr): Wheat (Ganganagar #1, Hanumangarh; varieties: Kalyan Sona, Sonalika, Mahi Dhaval, Mangla, Raj 3765), Barley/Jau (needs LEAST rainfall among cereals), Mustard/Sarson, Gram/Chana, Cumin, Coriander, Fenugreek, Isabgol. ZAID (summer, Mar-Jun): Watermelon, Muskmelon, Cucumber, Moong. CASH CROPS: Soybean (Jhalawar, Kota — Hadoti region, called 'Gold of Fields'), Groundnut, Cotton, Sugarcane (very limited — Bundi, Chittorgarh), Opium/Afeem (Chittorgarh, Kota, Jhalawar — only with government license).

HORTICULTURE AND SPECIAL CROPS: Orange/Santara — Jhalawar (called 'Nagpur of Rajasthan'). Pomegranate — Jalore. Kinno (citrus hybrid) — Ganganagar (introduced through canal irrigation). Date Palm (Khajoor) — Jaisalmer, Bikaner. Guava (Amrood) — Sawai Madhopur. Aonla/Amla — Jodhpur, Pratapgarh. Ber/Indian Jujube — Jodhpur, Bikaner (drought-resistant fruit). Rose — Pushkar, Badnore (Bhilwara). Saffron (Kesar) — experimental cultivation attempted in some areas. SPICES: Rajasthan is a major spice producer. Red Chilli/Mirchi — Jodhpur (Mathania variety famous for its colour and mild heat), Nagaur Mirchi Bazaar. Garlic — Kota, Baran. Henna/Mehndi — Sojat (Pali) produces most of India's mehndi, exported worldwide.

IMPORTANT TREES AND VEGETATION: KHEJRI (Prosopis cineraria) — STATE TREE, called 'Kalp Vriksha' (wish-fulfilling tree), 'Shami'. Products: Loong (leaves — premium cattle fodder), Sangri (pods — dried vegetable, considered a delicacy in Rajasthan, part of 'Panchkuta'), bark for traditional medicine, fuel wood, gum. Fixes atmospheric nitrogen, improves soil fertility. HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: 1730, KHEJARLI village (Jodhpur) — Amrita Devi Bishnoi and 362 Bishnoi villagers sacrificed their lives protecting Khejri trees from soldiers of Maharaja Abhay Singh. This event preceded the Chipko Movement by 200+ years. Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award instituted by Government of India for wildlife conservation. ROHIDA (Tecomella undulata) — STATE FLOWER, 'Marwar Teak', orange-yellow flowers in winter. NEEM (Azadirachta indica) — sacred tree, natural pesticide. BABOOL (Acacia nilotica) — thorny tree common in semi-arid zone, provides gum arabic. PROSOPIS JULIFLORA (Vilayati Babool) — INVASIVE species introduced by British from Central/South America in 19th century for afforestation. Now spreading uncontrollably across western Rajasthan, consuming excessive groundwater, displacing native Khejri and Rohida. It is NOT native — confirmed REET trap. SEWAN GRASS (Lasiurus sindicus) — most important grazing grass of Thar Desert, found in Jaisalmer-Barmer. DHAMAN GRASS — important fodder grass of western Rajasthan.

LAND USE AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY: Agriculture contributes approximately 25% to Rajasthan's GSDP and employs about 60% of the workforce. Total cultivable area: approximately 52% of state area. Net irrigated area: approximately 35% of cultivated area. Major irrigation sources: canals (Indira Gandhi Canal, Chambal command, ERCP), wells/tubewells (largest source), tanks. GREEN REVOLUTION impact: Concentrated in canal-irrigated areas of Ganganagar-Hanumangarh (wheat, cotton) and Kota division (soybean). Western Rajasthan's agriculture transformed after Indira Gandhi Canal brought Sutlej-Beas water. IMPORTANT: Rajasthan does NOT rank first in India for wheat production — Punjab, UP, and Haryana produce more. This is a confirmed REET trap (Q.34 DHD68 — statement 'd' saying Rajasthan ranks first in wheat is FALSE). MSP (Minimum Support Price): Mustard 2025-26: ₹5,950/quintal. Wheat 2025-26: ₹2,275/quintal.

LIVESTOCK AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY: Rajasthan has the HIGHEST livestock population in India. Leading in: Camel (highest population — camel declared state animal 2014), Goat, Sheep (Rajasthan produces ~40% of India's wool), Cattle (Tharparkar breed from Barmer, Rathi from Bikaner-Ganganagar, Nagauri from Nagaur, Kankrej from Barmer). Camel breeds: Bikaneri (heavy, used for transport), Jaisalmeri (racing), Nachna (dancing). SHEEP breeds: Chokla (finest wool, called 'Indian Merino'), Magra, Jaisalmeri, Pugal, Sonadi, Nali. GOAT: Sirohi goat (famous for milk), Barbari (milk+meat). POULTRY: increasing in Ajmer, Jaipur. RAJASTHAN LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT BOARD oversees breeding programmes. 'Gopal Programme' for intensive cattle breeding. PASHU MELAS (Cattle Fairs): Pushkar (largest, Ajmer), Nagaur (#2, cattle), Tilwara (Barmer, Mallinath Fair), Parbatsar (Nagaur, Tejaji Fair), Balotra (Barmer).

REET EXAM TIPS (8-10 questions): (1) CROP↔DISTRICT matching is the most common format: Bajra=Jodhpur/Barmer, Mustard=Bharatpur, Wheat=Ganganagar, Cotton=Ganganagar, Maize=Bhilwara/Udaipur, Soybean=Jhalawar/Kota, Orange=Jhalawar, Isabgol=Jalore, Guar=Jodhpur, Mehndi=Sojat/Pali. (2) VARIETY names: Kalyan Sona/Sonalika/Mangla=wheat. (3) #1 producer facts. (4) Rainfall requirements: Bajra <50cm, Wheat 50-75cm, Maize 50-100cm, Rice >100cm, Barley=least. TRAPS: 'Rajasthan ranks first in wheat' — FALSE. 'Prosopis Juliflora is native' — FALSE (invasive). 'Rajasthan is #1 in bajra' — TRUE. 'Ganganagar leads in cotton' — TRUE. 'Sewan grass is from eastern Rajasthan' — FALSE (Thar Desert/Jaisalmer). Know Khejri products (loong/sangri/fuel) and Amrita Devi story.